Topics include general rep-PCR, fecal source indicator bacteria, and fecal source tracking by various methods.

Alderisio KA, and N. DeLuca. 1999. Seasonal Enumeration of Fecal Coliform Bacteria from the Feces of Ring-Billed Gulls (Larus delawarensis) and Canada Geese (Branta canadensis) Appl. Envir. Microbiol 65: 5628-5630

Alonso JL, Soriano A, Carbajo O, Amoros I, and Garelick H. 1999. Comparison and Recovery of Escherichia coli and Thermotolerant Coliforms in Water with a Chromogenic Medium Incubated at 41 and 44.5°C Appl. Envir. Microbiol 65: 3746-3749

Barrell, R.A., P.R., Hunter, and G. Nichols. 2000. Microbiological standards for water and their relationship to health risk. Communicable Disease & Public Health. 3(1):8-13.

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Bernhard, A.E., and K.G. Field. 2000. Identification of nonpoint sources of fecal pollution in coastal waters by using host-speific 16S ribosomal DNA genetic markers from fecal anaerobes. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 66:1587:1594.

Beyer-W; Mukendi-FM; Kimmig-P; Bohm-R. 1998. Suitability of repetitive-DNA-sequence-based PCR fingerprinting for characterizing epidemic isolates of Salmonella enterica serovar Saintpaul. J-Clin-Microbiol. 36(6): 1549-54.

Buchan, A., M. Alber, and R.E. Hodson. 2001. Strain-specific differentiation of environmental Escherichia coli isolates via denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis of the 16S-23S intergenic spacer regions. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 35:313-321.

Carson, C.A., B.L. Shear, M.R. Ellersieck, and A. Asfaw. 2001. Identification of fecal Escherichia coli from humans and animals by ribotyping. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 67:1503-1507.

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de Bruijn, F.J. 1992. Use of repetitive (repetitive extragenic palindromic and enterobacterial repetitive intergeneric consensus) sequences and the polymerase chain reaction to fingerprint the genomes of Rhizobium meliloti isolates and other soil bacteria. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 58:2180-2187.

Dombek, P.E., L.K. Johnson, S.T. Zimmerley, and M.J. Sadowsky. 2000. Use of repetitive DNA sequences and the PCR to differentiate Escherichia coli isolates from human and animal sources. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 66:2572-2577.

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Farnleitner, A.H., Kreuzinger, N., Kavka, G.G., Grillenberger, S., Rath, J. and Mach, R.L. Simultaneous Detection and Differentiation of Escherichia coli Populations from Environmental Freshwaters by Means of Sequence Variations in a Fragment of the -D-Glucuronidase Gene. Appl. Envir. Microbiol. 2000 66: 1340-1346.

Feachem, R. 1975. An improved role for faecal coliform to faecal streptococci ratios in the differentiation between human and nonhuman pollution sources. Water Res. 9:689-690.

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George I, Petit M, Servais P. 2000. Use of enzymatic methods for rapid enumeration of coliforms in freshwaters. Journal of Applied Microbiology 88 (3) 404-413

Griffin DW, Gibson CJ, Lipp EK, Riley K, Paul JH and JB Rose. 1999. Detection of Viral Pathogens by Reverse Transcriptase PCR and of Microbial Indicators by Standard Methods in the Canals of the Florida Keys Appl. Envir. Microbiol. 65: 4118-4125

Hagedorn, C., S. L. Robinson, J. R. Filtz, S. M. Grubbs, T. A. Angier, and R. B. Reneau, Jr. 1999. Determining sources of fecal pollution in a rural Virginia watershed with antibiotic resistance patterns in fecal streptococci. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 65:5522-5531.

Harwood, V.J., Whitlock, J., and Withington, V.H. 2000. Classification of the antibiotic resistance patterns of indicator bacteria by discriminant analysis: Use in predicting the source of fecal contamination in subtropical Florida waters. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 66: 3698-3704.

Hulton, C.S.J., C.F. Higgins, and P.M. Sharp. 1991. ERIC sequences: a novel family of repetitive elements in the genomes of Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium and other enterobacteria. Mol. Microbiol. 5:825-834.

Judd, A. K., M. Schneider, M. J. Sadowsky, and F. J. de Bruijn. 1993. Use of repetitive sequences and the polymerase chain reaction technique to classify genetically related Bradyrhizobium japonicum serocluster 123 strains. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 59:1702-1708.

Kariuki, S., C. Gilks, J. Kimari, A. Obanda, J. Muyodi, P. Waiyaki, and C. A. Hart. 1999. Genotype analysis of Escherichia coli strains from children and chickens living in close contact. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 65:472-476.

Kasper, C. W., J. L. Burgess, I. T. Knight, and R. R. Colwell. 1990. Antibiotic resistance indexing of Escherichia coli to identify sources of fecal contamination in water. Can. J. Microbiol. 36:891-894.

Kelley TR, Pancorbo OC, Merka WC, and Barnhart HM. 1998. Antibiotic resistance of bacterial litter isolates. Poultry Science. 77(2):243-7

Keyes, C.E., Moraca P, Hariison, T, and Southam F. 1996. Sediments as reservoirs for fecal coliforms in Oak Creek, AZ. Abstracts of the General Meeting of the American Society for Microbiology. 96(0): 469.

Kondro, W. 2000. Canada reacts to water contamination. The Lancet. 355(9222):2228

Krumperman, P. H., 1983. Multiple antibiotic resistance indexing of Escherichia coli to identify high-risk sources of fecal contamination of foods. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 46:165-170.

Martin, B., O. Humbert, M. Camara, E. Guenzi, J. Walker, T. Mitchell, P. Andrews, M. Prudhomme, G. Alloing, R. Hakenbeck, D.A. Morrison, G.J. Boulnois, and J.P. Claverys. 1992. A highly conserved repeated DNA element located in the chromosome of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Nucl. Acids Res. 20:3479-3483.

Mathew, A.G., A.M. Saxton, W.G. Upchurch, and S.E. Chattin. 1999. Multiple antibiotic resistance patterns of Escherichia coli isolates from swine farms. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 65:2770-2772.

Obiri-Danso K and K Jones. 1999. Distribution and seasonality of microbial indicators and thermophilic campylobacters in two freshwater bathing sites on the River Lune in northwest England. Journal of Applied Microbiology 87 (6) 822-832

Orskov, F., and I. Orskov. 1981. Enterobacteriaceae, p.340-352. In A I. Broude (ed.), Medical microbiology and infectious diseases. The W. B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, Pa.

Parveen, S., R. L. Murphree, L. Edmiston, C. W. Kasper, K. M. Portier, and M. L. Tamplin. 1997. Association of multiple-antibiotic-resistance profiles with point and nonpoint sources of Escherichia coli in Apalachicola bay. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 63:2607-2612.

Parveen, S., K. M. Portier, K. Robinson, L. Edmiston, and M. L. Tamplin. 1999. Discriminant analysis of ribotype profiles of Escherichia coli for differentiating human and nonhuman sources of fecal pollution. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 65:3142-3147.

Pillai, S.D., K.W. Widmer, K.G. Maciorowski, and S.C. Ricke. 1997. Antibiotic resistance profiles of Escherichia coli isolated from rural and urban environments. J. Environ. Sci. Health A32(6):1665-1675.

Pourcher, A.-M., L. A. Devriese, J. F. Hernandez, and J. M. Delattre. 1991. Enumeration by a miniaturized method of Escherichia coli, Streptococcus bovis, and enterococci as indicators of the origin of faecal pollution of waters. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 70:525-530.

Rademaker, J. L. W., and F. J. de Bruijn. 1997. Characterization and classification of microbes by rep-PCR genomic fingerprinting and computer-assisted pattern analysis, p. 151-171. In: G. Caetano-Anollés and P. M. Gresshoff (eds.), DNA markers: Protocols, Applications, and Overviews. J. Wiley and Sons, New York, N. Y.

Sadowsky, M. J., L. L. Kinkel, J. H. Bowers, and J. L. Schottel. 1996. Use of repetitive intergenic DNA sequences to classify pathogenic and disease-suppressive Streptomyces strains. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 62:3489-3493.

Samadpour, M., and N. Chechowitz. 1995. Little Soos Creek microbial source tracking: a survey. Prepared for: King County department of public works surface management division. University of Washington, Dept. of Environ. Health.

Simmons, G. M., Jr., S. A. Herbein, and C. M. James. 1995. Managing nonpoint fecal coliform sources to tidal inlets. Water Resources Update. 100:64-74.

Sinton, L. W., A. M. Donnison, and C. M. Hastie. 1993. Faecal streptococci as faecal pollution indicators: a review. I. Taxonomy and enumeration. N. Z. J. Mar. Freshwater Res. 27:101-115.

Sinton, L. W., A. M. Donnison, and C. M. Hastie. 1993. Faecal streptococci as faecal pollution indicators: a review. II. Sanitary significance, survival, and use. N. Z. J. Mar. Freshwater Res. 27:117-137.

Solo-Gabriele, H.M., Wolfert, M.A., Desmarais, T.R., and Palmer, C.J. 2000. Sources of Escherichia coli in a coastal subtropical environment. Applied & Environmental Microbiology. 66(1):230-7.

Souza, V., Rocha, M. Valera, A. and Eguiarte, L.E. 1999. Genetic structure of natural populations of Escherichia coli in wild hosts on different continents. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 65:3733-3385.

Spurgeon D. 2000. Canadians launch class action over E coli outbreak. British Medical Journal 321:11.

Spurgeon D. 2000. Budget cuts may have led to E coli outbreak. British Medical Journal 320: 1625

Stern, M. J., G. F.-L. Ames, N. H. Smith, E. C. Robinson, and C. F. Higgins. 1984. Repetitive extragenic palindromic sequences: a major component of the bacterial genome. Cell 37:1015-1026.

USEPA 1986. Ambient water quality criteria for bacteria-1986. USEPA report EPA440/5-85-002. United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington D. C.

USEPA. 1999. Action plan for beached and recreational waters. EPA/600/R-98.079. United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, D.C.

USEPA. 2000. Draft implementation guidance from Ambient Water Quality Criteria for Bacteria--1986. EPA-823-D-00-001. United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, D.C.

Versalovic, J., M. Schneider, F. J. de Bruijn, and J. R. Lupski. 1994. Genomic fingerprinting of bacteria using repetitive sequence-based polymerase chain reaction. Methods Mol. Cell. Biol. 5:25-40.

Whitman RL, Nevers MB, Gerovac PJ. 1999. Interaction of Ambient Conditions and Fecal Coliform Bacteria in Southern Lake Michigan Beach Waters: Monitoring Program Implications. Natural Areas Journal 19(2): 166-171.

Wiggins, B.A. 1996. Discriminant analysis of antibiotic resistance patterns in fecal streptococci, a method to differentiate human and animal sources of fecal pollution in natural waters. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 62:3997-4002.

Wiggins, B. A., R. W. Andrews, R. A. Conway, C. L. Corr, E. J. Dobratz, D. P. Dougherty, J. R. Eppard, S. R. Knupp, M. C. Limjoco, J. M. Mettenburg, J. M. Rinehardt, J. Sonsino, R. L. Torrijos, and M. E. Zimmerman. 1999. Use of antibiotic resistance analysis to identify nonpoint sources of fecal pollution. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 65:3483-3486.